However, researchers also need a more scientific and quantitative tool to address the sustainability behind the application of those principles. In the past few decades, innovative approaches such as Green Chemistry and Green Engineering have come out in order to set the basic principles for a more sustainable chemical industry. Finally, modelling results should be better coupled with policy decisions and existing strategic plans.

Species richness is a promising start for these models but it must be complemented with metrics for habitat configuration and intensity-based indicators. Examples of datasets are provided in this article. Site-specific data are necessary to accurately assess biodiversity loss at regional and local scale, despite known constraints imposed by life cycle inventories. If the goal is to assess the impacts of plot-level management practices they should be accompanied by other more detailed tools beyond LCA. Available models are mainly apt for impact hotspot detection in supply chains. The needs of LCA practitioners are crucial to determine what characteristics biodiversity assessment models should possess. This article presents a synthesis of the main recommendations drawn from the opinions of the experts present, from the Initiative’s perspective. The UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative organized two consensus-building workshops regarding Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) models and indicators for land use impacts on biodiversity. Synthesis and applications of smart materials have been discussed under a Green Analytical Chemistry perspective. On the other hand, smart liquid materials used in sample preparation in bioanalysis comprise bio-based solvents, supramolecular solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. Applications of smart solid materials includes antibody–antigen interaction based materials, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, metal organic frameworks, restricted access materials, carbon based nanomaterials, and magnetic nanoparticles. In this frame, the combined use of microextraction approaches with smart materials provides environmentally friendly sample treatment strategies with improved selectivity, sensitivity, and reusability. Consequently, different sample treatment procedures have been proposed in bioanalysis to clean-up and enrich sample extracts, paying special attention to microextraction approaches. The analysis of biological samples is a complex challenge due to the complexity of the matrix, but also to the low concentration of target analytes that must be determined.

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